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Leishmaniasis
Leishmania is a genus of trypanosome protozoa. It is spread through sandflies of the genus Phlebotomus in the Old World, and of the genus Lutzomyia in the New World. Their primary hosts are vertebrates; Leishmania commonly infects hyraxes, canids, rodents, and humans.
 
The protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania major switch the strategy of the innate immune response of their polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocyte (PMN) hosts and manipulate it for their own benefit. Ensconced inside these short lived PMNs the Leishmania parasite proliferates unrecognized by the immune system and from there enter the long-lived macrophages to further establish infection.
 
Leishmania currently affects 12 million people in 88 countries.
 
Ménière's disease
Ménière's disease is a disorder of the inner ear that can affect hearing and balance.
 
Sufferers whose Ménière's began with one or two of the classic symptoms may develop others with time. Attacks of vertigo can become worse and more frequent over time, resulting in loss of employment, loss of the ability to drive, and inability to travel. Some patients become largely housebound. Hearing loss can become more profound and may become permanent. Some patients become deaf in the affected ear. Tinnitus can also worsen over time. Some patients with unilateral symptoms, as many as fifty percent by some estimates, will develop symptoms in both ears. Some of these will become totally deaf.
 
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease (also known as regional enteritis) is a chronic, episodic, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that affects the entire wall of the bowel or intestines. Crohn's disease can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus. Consequently the symptoms of Crohn's disease vary among afflicted individuals.
 
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